Phenotypic characterization of fruits and pseudofruits of shrubby cashew from Cerrado (Anacardium othonianum Rizz. Anacardiaceae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X91316Keywords:
Genetic structure, Biometry, Brazil neotropical savana, ConservationAbstract
Studies on physical and chemical characteristics of fruits are essential tools that assist pre-improvement programs and the identification of variability among individuals or accessions of a population. Thus, aiming to characterize fruits and pseudofruits of 15 natural subpopulations of Anacardium othonianum Rizz. in order to contribute to the elaboration of efficient strategies for its use and genetic conservation, at least 12 fruits without mechanical and/or phytosanitary damage of ten matrices in each subpopulation were collected. Biometric characteristics of fruits and pseudofruits were evaluated. The data were submitted to descriptive analysis, variance analysis and phenotypic correlation. Through variance components, we estimated the proportions of the total phenotypic variation attributed to the difference among subpopulations, matrices within subpopulations, and fruits/pseudofruits within matrices, in addition to the quantitative phenotypic divergence among subpopulations (PST parameter). The largest phenotypic variations occurred among the characters related to the fruits/pseudofruits mass and coloration. Shrubby cashew fruits from Cerrado presented predominance of red-orange color. There were highly significant variations for all evaluated characters, in all hierarchical levels: among subpopulations, among matrices within subpopulations, and among fruits within matrices. As for the genetic structure of the species, the most genetic variability was found among matrices within subpopulations. The subpopulations presented phenotypic differentiation based on the characteristics: pseudofruit larger width, pseudofruit smaller width and pseudofruit thickness, according to the PST parameter. The pseudofruit constitutes the majority of the fruit; therefore, the mass and length measurements are directly correlated to the mass measurements and total length of the samples. There is low correlation between the fruits and pseudofruits mass and size.
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