Reflections on trade unionism and the expressions of the social question: historical resistance and contemporary challenges

Abstract

This article presents a critical analysis of the importance of trade unions in Brazil, especially after the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff in 2016. To this end, it emphasizes the historical trajectory of the mediation between capital and labor and the defense of social rights. It reflects on the impacts of the 2017 Labor Reform, the precariousness of work, the increase in informality, and the loss of union representation. The text also discusses the influence of Marxist thought on the conception of trade unionism as an instrument of class struggle. It retraces the trajectory of Brazilian trade unionism, from the imperial period to the present day, including phases of repression, institutionalization, and resistance. It proposes that unions expand their activities with inclusive policies, civic education, dialogue with new profiles of workers, and a commitment to social justice. It concludes that, despite setbacks, trade unions remain fundamental in building a more egalitarian society and promoting the dignity of the working class.