Diagnóstico do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos e caracterização dos resíduos coletados e de seu ciclo em Queimadas, PB, Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2236117045261Palavras-chave:
Resíduos sólidos urbanos, Gestão de RSU, Composição gravimétrica, Ciclo de resíduosResumo
O Brasil possui duas políticas federais que tratam do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos, as Políticas Nacionais de Saneamento Básico e de Resíduos Sólidos, objetos legais voltados à sustentabilidade ainda negligenciados pela sociedade brasileira. Neste trabalho, objetivamos caracterizar a limpeza urbana e o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos em Queimadas, PB, e a adequação dos serviços ao exigido pelas políticas públicas. O trabalho foi dividido nas fases de aplicação do questionário com o gestor de resíduos, visitas de campo para captura de dados e imagens, avaliação dos serviços relacionados aos RSU e dos impactos mais evidentes devido a falhas no sistema e caracterização dos RSU coletados. As principais falhas identificadas foram a falta de tratamento dos RSU coletados (cerca de 29 toneladas/dia) e sua deposição na área de lixão, em operação há 20 anos. No lado positivo, os gerenciamentos de resíduos de serviços de saúde e de construção são feitos corretamente. Mais de 2/3 dos RSU, de acordo com a composição gravimétrica, devem receber outro destino, como reutilização e reciclagem, trazendo vários benefícios ambientais. Potencialidade digna de nota é a participação de Queimadas como membro de Consórcio, porque as políticas nacionais nessa área destacam a prioridade para a alocação de recursos para consórcios. A gestão de RSU de Queimadas precisa de serviços relacionados à coleta seletiva e disposição final ambientalmente adequada.
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