Democracia, corrupção e liberdades civis: o contexto nacional influencia a divulgação corporativa de carbono?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/1983465969190Palavras-chave:
Democracia, Corrupção, Liberdades Civis, Divulgação de Carbono, Teoria InstitucionalResumo
Desenho/metodologia/abordagem: Esta pesquisa analisa a divulgação de carbono de 1328 empresas sediadas em 19 países. O nível de democracia, corrupção e liberdades civis nos países foi medido usando variáveis do banco de dados Varieties of Democracy. Os dados foram analisados por meio de três modelos econométricos.
Objetivo: Este trabalho de pesquisa responde à seguinte pergunta: Como o nível de democracia, corrupção e liberdades civis do país afeta a divulgação de carbono?
Resultados: Os resultados mostram que a divulgação de carbono das empresas é afetada pelo contexto institucional do país onde a empresa atua. Portanto, em países onde o nível de democracia e controle da corrupção é maior, as empresas estão mais envolvidas na divulgação de carbono.
Limitações/implicações da pesquisa: Os achados confirmam a Teoria Institucional, ao reforçar que não apenas o contexto organizacional, mas também o contexto social do país é relevante para a divulgação do carbono.
Implicações práticas: Gestores de empresas sediadas em países com maior voz dos cidadãos e menor nível de corrupção devem investir mais recursos para a disseminação do carbono. Nesses países, as empresas estão sob maior pressão dos stakeholders por informações sobre as emissões de carbono.
Implicações sociais: Os resultados mostram que os formuladores de políticas podem incorporar mecanismos de proteção para as partes interessadas e não apenas para os acionistas. Os legisladores podem propor penalidades aumentadas e criminalizar práticas corruptas e enriquecimento ilícito de funcionários públicos. Menos poder de voz para os cidadãos e um nível mais alto de corrupção podem reduzir a eficácia das políticas nacionais para o desenvolvimento sustentável.
Originalidade/valor: Esta pesquisa, além de avançar os estudos sobre divulgação de carbono em diferentes contextos nacionais, utilizou pela primeira vez a variável de controle de classificação de crédito.
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