Permissividade institucional no contexto das relações empresas-governo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/1983465955297Palavras-chave:
Political Corporate Social Responsibility, Institutional Theory, Emerging Markets, Business-SocietyResumo
Objetivos – Este artigo explora em que extensão as relações empresas-governo estão imersas em atividades empresariais socialmente irresponsáveis. Embora a teoria existente forneça tração na explicação das pressões de conformidade que emanam do ambiente institucional, ela não explica adequadamente as condições sob as quais as empresas podem exercer o poder discricionário na escolha de se conformar ou não aos padrões locais de adequação e como os atores locais organizam suas respostas.
Metodologia – As evidências empíricas baseiam-se em um estudo de caso longitudinal em profundidade, desenvolvido em um distrito industrial de Fortaleza. Os dados foram coletados em três fontes, incluindo entrevistas semiestruturadas. Na sequência foi realizada uma análise temática indutiva das narrativas para investigar as interações entre os diferentes atores institucionais e suas experiências de mudança institucional e renegociação.
Resultados - Observou-se que as formas institucionalizadas das relações empresas-governo são fundamentalmente permissivas e personalizadas, baseando-se no atendimento de demandas específicas e mutuamente oportunistas. Mostramos que a permissividade institucional pode permitir que grandes empresas dominem uma área industrial e forçem o governo a reduzir a aplicação da lei. Demonstramos a evolução histórica das formas de apropriação do espaço e dos recursos naturais.
Originalidade - Nossa contribuição teórica volta-se para o conceito de permissividade institucional. Ao contrário de outras correntes institucionais, argumentamos que o conceito de vazio institucional é inadequado para a tarefa de compreender as relações empresas-governo em mercados emergentes. Mostramos como pode surgir uma configuração institucional que sustente as relações de poder e formas apropriações de recursos capazes de reproduzir relações sociais distintas daquelas encontradas no ambiente institucional anglo-americano.
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