Aliados ideológicos, inimigos geopolíticos? Hungria, Polônia e a fratura da ultradireita diante da guerra na Ucrânia
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5902/2357797595267Mots-clés :
Ultradireita, Hungria, Polônia, Rússia, Guerra da UcrâniaRésumé
Desde meados da década de 2010, com a consolidação eleitoral de partidos da direita radical em diversos países europeus, a ascensão da ultradireita domina o debate público e acadêmico, marcada pelo fortalecimento de narrativas nacionalistas e iliberais. Um aspecto menos explorado dessa ascensão é a construção de vínculos entre partidos ultradireitistas europeus e o governo russo, especialmente no que se refere à defesa do conservadorismo, à oposição ao liberalismo e às críticas a instituições internacionais como a Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte (OTAN) e a União Europeia (UE). Este artigo analisa as relações da ultradireita na Hungria e na Polônia com a Rússia, destacando divergências estratégicas evidenciadas durante a Guerra na Ucrânia. A análise comparativa, fundamentada na Abordagem Histórico-Discursiva (DHA), foi organizada em três categorias de análise definidas a partir dos temas mais recorrentes nos discursos oficiais dos líderes de ambos os países relativas à Ucrânia e o presidente Volodymyr Zelensky, à Rússia e o presidente Vladimir Putin, e às sanções econômicas contra o governo russo e os pacotes de ajuda ocidentais à Ucrânia. Os resultados mostram que a Hungria, sob Viktor Orbán, mantém uma posição ambígua em relação a Moscou, enquanto a Polônia, governada pelo partido Lei e Justiça, adota postura abertamente hostil ao Kremlin. As divergências identificadas não se reduzem a fatores ideológicos. Pressões geopolíticas e memórias históricas nacionais desempenham papel igualmente determinante na moldagem das estratégias discursivas da ultradireita. O estudo contribui para a literatura ao evidenciar variações intra-regionais da direita radical, oferecendo um enfoque comparativo inédito sobre Hungria e Polônia.
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