The chips and science act: uma análise da nova política industrial dos Estados Unidos voltada para a indústria de semicondutores
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/1414650986316Palabras clave:
Semicondutores, Estados Unidos, Chips Act, Política industrialResumen
A indústria de semicondutores é um dos setores mais importantes da economia global, com implicações no desenvolvimento tecnológico, econômico, na política e segurança nacional. O surgimento dessa indústria nos Estados Unidos na década de 1950 permitiu a revolução da Computação e Eletrônica, que transformaram definitivamente o curso da história humana. Como criador dos semicondutores e com a atuação direta do poder público, os Estados Unidos têm se mantido no topo da cadeia global de semicondutores e lançado mão de políticas públicas visando preservar sua liderança no setor e assegurar as vantagens advindas desta posição. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a nova política industrial dos Estados Unidos para a indústria de semicondutores com a aprovação do Chips and Science Act, aprovado pelo Congresso Americano e sancionado pelo presidente Joe Biden. Os resultados mostraram que, o Chips and Science Act constitui-se como uma das políticas industriais mais importantes voltadas para o setor de semicondutores americano, e que com essa Lei os Estados Unidos visam assegurar sua posição em um dos segmentos que consideram vital para sua liderança econômica, tecnológica, política e bélica, direcionando investimentos para ampliação da capacidade produtiva de semicondutores nacionalmente e investindo na ciência aplicada ao setor de semicondutores, ao mesmo tempo em que buscam conter o avanço chinês nesse segmento.
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