Effect of stem height in variation of bark, heartwood, sapwood and physical properties of wood in <i>Dipteryx panamensis</i> Pittier in a provenance/progeny test
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509843606Parole chiave:
Almendro, Camurú, Genetic improvement, Tropical forestryAbstract
Dipteryx panamensis is used in reforestation in Costa Rica and a genetic improvement program has been recently started in the country. The objective of the present study was to study the effect of tree trunk height on the variation of bark, sapwood, heartwood, green density (GD), specific gravity (SG) and green moisture content in green condition (MC-G), in a collection of 8-year-old provenances/progenies planted in the town of Florencia in San Carlos in the northern region of Costa Rica The wood of each of 17 families were studied based on 3 of their progenies, evaluating the properties relative to 0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the commercial height. According to the results, tree diameter and bark thickness showed no statistical differences in their values across trunk. Significant differences were found in diameter and percentage of heartwood and sapwood between provenances and families. The thickness and percentage of sapwood, thickness and percentage of bark, diameter, pith percentage and percentage of pith eccentricity, showed no significant differences between families. SG and the MC-G presented significant variation between provenances, while GD registered differences at above 25 % commercial height. The variation of physical properties, especially SG, between families within each provenance, shows selection potential for genetic improvement, focusing particularly on the bottom section of the tree.
Downloads
Riferimenti bibliografici
ASSIS, T. F.; RESENDE, M. D. V. DE. Genetic improvement of forest tree species. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, Viçosa, v. 11, n. spe, p. 44–49, jun. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-70332011000500007
ASTM. Standard test methods for direct moisture content measurement of wood and wood-base materials. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Volume 4.10 (Woods), 2016a.
ASTM. Standard methods of testing small clear specimens of timber (A. S. F. T. Materials, Ed.). Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Volume 4.10 (Woods)West Conshohocken, PA, USA American Society For Testing and Materials, 2016b.
BECK, H.E.; ZIMMERMANN, N.E.; MCVICAR, T.R.; VERGOPOLAN, N.; BERG, A.; WOOD, E. F. Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution. Scientific Data, New York, v. 5, n. 1, p. 1-12. Jua. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.214
CLARK, D. B.; CLARK, D. A. Population ecology and microhabitat distribution of Dipteryx panamensis, a Neotropical rain forest emergent tree. Biotropica, New Yok, v. 19, n. 3, p. 236, set. 1987. https://doi.org/10.2307/2388341
DELGADO, A.; MONTERO, M.; MURILLO, O.; CASTILLO, M. Crecimiento de especies forestales nativas. Agronomía Costarricense, Costa Rica, v. 27, n. 1, p. 63–78, 2003.
HANSON, T.; FINEGAN, B.; WATTS, L. Conventional and genetic measures of seed dispersal for Dipteryx panamensis (Fabaceae) in continuous and fragmented Costa Rican rain forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology, Cambridge, v. 23, n. 6, p. 635–642, Nov. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467407004488
HODGE, G. R.; DVORAK, W.; URUEÑA, H.; ROSALES, L. Growth, provenance effects and genetic variation of Bombacopsis quinata in field tests in Venezuela and Colombia. Forest Ecology and Management, Berlin, v. 158, n. 1–3, p. 273–289, 15 mar. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00720-9
HOLDRIDGE, L. Life Zone Ecologyof Costa Rica. San Jose, Costa Rica: Tropical Scientific Center, 1967.
HUANG, G. H.; LIANG, K.N.; ZHOU, Z.Z.; MA, H.M. Genetic variation and origin of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) native and introduced provenances. Silvae Genetica, Waldsieversdorf, v. 64, n. 1–6, p. 33–46, 1 dez. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1515/sg-2015-0003
LEÓN, N.; MURILLO, O.; BADILLA, Y.; ÁVILA, C., MURILLO, R. Expected genetic gain and genotype by environment interaction in almond (Dipteryx panamensis (Pittier) Rec. and Mell) in Costa Rica. Silvae Genetica, Waldsieversdorf, v. 66, n. 1, p. 9–13, 28 dez. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1515/sg-2017-0002
MARTÍNEZ, V.; FALLAS, L.; MURILLO, O.; BADILLA, Y. Potencial de mejoramiento genético en Dipteryx panamensis a los 33 meses de edad en San Carlos, Costa Rica. Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú, Cartago, v. 13, n. 30, p. 03, 15 dez. 2015.
MOYA, R. La producción de madera de especies nativas en plantaciones comerciales: una opción real. Ambientico, Heredia, v. 267, n. 6, p. 32–36, 2018.
MOYA, R.; RODRIGUEZ-ZUÑIGA, A.; PUENTE-URBINA, A.; GAITAN-ALVAREZ, J. Study of light, middle and severe torrefaction and effects of extractives and chemical compositions on torrefaction process by thermogravimetric analysis in five fast-growing plantations of Costa Rica. Energy, New York, v. 149, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.02.049
MOYA, R.; ARAYA, L.; VILCHEZ, B. Variation in the pith parameter of Gmelina arborea trees from fast growth plantations in Costa Rica. Annals of Forest Science, Nancy, v. 65, n. 6, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2008045
MOYA, R.; MUÑOZ, F. Physical and mechanical properties of eight fast-growing plantation species species in Costa Rica. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, Yakarta, v. 22, n. 3, p. 317–328, 2010. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23616661
MURILLO, O. ¿Cuáles especies forestales nativas debemos priorizar en el país? Ambientico, Heredia, v. 267, p. 4–9, 2018.
PAINE, C. E. T.; SUN, J.; XIA, X.; LIU, R.; WU, X.; LI, Y. Functional explanations for variation in bark thickness in tropical rain forest trees. Functional Ecology, London, v. 24, n. 6, p. 1202–1210, 1 dez. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01736.x
PAN, W.; SUN, J.; XIA, X.; LIU, R.; WU, X.; LI, Y. Provenance variation in growth, stem-form, and wood basic density of 24-year-old Liriodendron. Austrian Journal of Forest Science, Sidney, v. 135, n. 4, p. 343–362, 2018.
PFAUTSCH, S.; ASPINWALL, M.; DRAKE, J.E.; CHACON-LORIA, L.; LANGELAAN, R.J.; TISSUE, D.T.; TJOELKER, M.G.; LENS, F. Traits and trade-offs in whole-tree hydraulic architecture along the vertical axis of Eucalyptus grandis. Annals of Botany, Oxford, v. 121, n. 1, p. 129–141, 25 jan. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcx137
REDONDO-BRENES, A. Growth, carbon sequestration, and management of native tree plantations in humid regions of Costa Rica. New Forests, Berlin, v. 34, n. 3, p. 253–268, 24 set. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-007-9052-9
ROCHON, C.; MARGOLIS, H. A.; WEBER, J. C. Genetic variation in growth of Guazuma crinita (Mart.) trees at an early age in the Peruvian Amazon. Forest Ecology and Management, Berlin, v. 243, n. 2–3, p. 291–298, 31 maio 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.025
SERRANO, R.; MOYA ROQUE, R. Procesamiento, uso y mercado de la madera en Costa Rica: aspectos históricos y análisis crítico. Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú, Cartago, v. 8, n. 21, p. 1–12, 2011.
SOTELO MONTES, C.; HERNÁNDEZ, R.; BEAULEIRU, J.; WEBER, J.C. Genetic variation in wood color and its correlations with tree growth and wood density of Calycophyllum spruceanum at an early age in the Peruvian Amazon. New Forests, Berlin, v. 35, n. 1, p. 57–73, 29 nov. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-007-9060-9
TENORIO, C.; MOYA, R.; SALAS, C.; BERROCAL, A. Evaluation of wood properties from six native species of forest plantations in Costa Rica. Bosque, Valdivia, v. 37, n. 1, 2016a. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2015.1060493
TENORIO, C.; SALAS, C.; MOYA, R. Kiln drying behavior utilizing drying rate of lumber from six fast-growth plantation species in Costa Rica. Drying Technology, London, v. 34, n. 4, 2016b. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2015.1060493
WEBER, J. C.; SOTELO-MONTES, C. Geographic variation in tree growth and wood density of Guazuma crinita Mart. in the Peruvian Amazon. New Forests, Berlin, v. 36, n. 1, p. 29–52, 9 jul. 2008.
WILLIAMSON, G. B.; WIEMANN, M. C. Measuring wood specific gravity…Correctly. American Journal of Botany, London, v. 97, n. 3, p. 519–524, 1 mar. 2010. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900243
WILSON, B. G.; WITKOWSKI, E. T. F. Seed banks, bark thickness and change in age and size structure (1978-1999) of the African savanna tree, Burkea africana. Plant Ecology, New York, v. 167, n. 1, p. 151–162, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023999806577
ZOBEL, B. J.; JETT, J. B. The Role of Genetics in Wood Production — General Concepts. In: TIMELL, T. E. (Ed.). Springer Series In Wood Science. [s.l.] Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. p. 1–25.
ZOBEL, B.J.; VAN BUIJTENEN, J. P. Wood variation: its causes and control. Springer Science & Business Media [s.l.] Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998.
##submission.downloads##
Pubblicato
Come citare
Fascicolo
Sezione
Licenza
Copyright (c) 2022 Ciência Florestal
Questo lavoro è fornito con la licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale 4.0 Internazionale.
A CIÊNCIA FLORESTAL se reserva o direito de efetuar, nos originais, alterações de ordem normativa, ortográfica e gramatical, com vistas a manter o padrão culto da lingua, respeitando, porém, o estilo dos autores.
As provas finais poderão ou não ser enviadas ao autor.
Os trabalhos publicados passam a ser propriedade da revista CIÊNCIA FLORESTAL, sendo permitida a reprodução parcial ou total dos trabalhos, desde que a fonte seja citada. Os originais não serão devolvidos aos autores.
As opiniões emitidas pelos autores dos trabalhos são de sua exclusiva responsabilidade.
