Ciclagem de Nitrogênio em Sistemas de Integração Lavoura-Pecuaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X12629Keywords:
Biomassa, decomposição, desenvolvimento sustentável.Abstract
Entende-se a ciclagem, como o movimento dos nutrientes entre os diversos compartimentos (atmosfera-planta-animal-solo) do sistema de produção agropecuária. A associação do sistema integração lavoura-pecuária com plantio direto possibilita alta entrada de resíduo vegetal pelo uso de culturas e pastagens tanto gramíneas como leguminosas as quais permitem a disponibilização mais rápida e intensa ou lenta e gradual de nutrientes ao sistema, principalmente na camada superficial. Estudos mostram que 60% a 70% do nitrogênio encontrado na biomassa vegetal é reciclado e novamente absorvido pelas plantas no cultivo. A quantidade de ciclagem de nutrientes pelo animal é definida pela intensidade de pastejo. Em geral, quanto mais animais por unidade de área maior será a ciclagem de nutrientes, porém haverá menor fixação de nutrientes em produto de orígem animal por unidade de forragem ingerida, e ambas as situações são afetadas pela intensidade de pastejo que pode contribuir com o retorno de nutrientes pelas fezes por bovino de 500kg de peso vivo ao sistema, com valores estimados de 22,1g de N, 10,06g de P, 6,12g de K, 21,70g de Ca e 9,47g de Mg.
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