BIOPROSPECÇÃO DE PEPTÍDEOS ANTIMICROBIANOS EM LARVAS DE CALLIPHORIDAE (DIPTERA): UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA SOBRE METODOLOGIAS DE EXTRAÇÃO, PURIFICAÇÃO E DETECÇÃO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/2236583449767Palavras-chave:
Defensinas. Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos. Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray.Resumo
Os insetos apresentam a maior biodiversidade entre a classe Animal e são fontes ricas de produtos biotecnológicos. Espécies da família Calliphoridae (Diptera) apresentam hábitos necrófagos durante a fase larval, assim são expostas a diferentes microrganismos, produzindo peptídeos antimicrobianos (AMPs) como sistema de defesa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento bibliográfico dos principais peptídeos antimicrobianos identificados em Calliphoridae (Diptera), fornecendo dados para a bioprospecção de novos compostos. A revisão bibliográfica foi realizada nas plataformas: Google Acadêmico e SciFinder e foram selecionados 56 artigos para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Os AMPs possuem atividade contra amplo espectro de bactérias gram-positivas e gram-negativas, por isso apresentam grande interesse para tratamentos de feridas (e.g.: Terapia Larval) e bioprospecção de novos antibióticos. Estas moléculas são obtidas a partir do produto de excreção e secreção das larvas de Calliphoridae e sua ação tem como alvo primário a membrana celular das bactérias, devido interações eletroestáticas e interações de van der Waals com a membrana lipídica. A utilização de técnicas de separação acopladas com espectrometria de massas permitiu a identificação e caracterização de peptídeos da classe Defensina em diferentes espécies de califorídeos. A bioprospecção de novas moléculas antimicrobianas em moscas é uma área promissora dentro da biotecnologia, devido ao aumento do número de bactérias resistentes aos antibióticos atuais.
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