Evolução do grau de eficiência do mercado de moedas criptográficas de 2014 a 2020: uma análise baseada em seus componentes fractais
Palavras-chave:
Cryptocurrencies, Fractal Market Hypothesis, Adaptive Markets, Market EfficiencyResumo
Objetivo: Este estudo visa analisar a evolução da eficiência do mercado criptoativos com base em aspectos fractais da série histórica de preços de 15 criptomoedas e um índice de referência desenvolvido para este mercado (CRIX).
Metodologia: As análises propostas partem do índice de eficiência proposto por Kristoufek e Vosvrda (2013), que captura os vieses de memória de longo e curto prazo, bem como a autocorrelação de primeira ordem. O banco de dados cobre o período de 02/08/2014 a 31/12/2020. Usando a análise de quebra estrutural para séries temporais, foi possível dividir a amostra em cinco períodos de análise, e o índice de eficiência foi calculado para cada um deles.
Resultados: Foi identificada a existência de oscilações entre os índices de eficiência ao longo dos períodos analisados, verificando uma maior ineficiência em momentos de ascensão do mercado. Além disso, pode-se observar que, em geral, este mercado vem ganhando eficiência ao longo dos anos, embora ainda não tenha alcançado a ausência de ineficiência. Esta conclusão corrobora os estudos sobre a adaptação da eficiência do mercado com base em seus investidores e agentes. Finalmente, pode-se caracterizar o cenário atual como uma bolha especulativa, o que, devido à presença do efeito de manada, permite a existência de arbitragem.
Originalidade: Pesquisas nesta área ainda são recentes, pois se trata de um novo segmento financeiro, portanto existem várias dúvidas e lacunas na literatura. Neste sentido, a adoção de uma abordagem longitudinal para identificar a evolução da eficiência deste mercado não só é interessante como também é uma abordagem pouco explorada pela literatura.
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