MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL LEAF CHARACTERISTICSAND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF SIX WOODY SPECIES AS A FUNCTION OF THE SOIL WATER AVAILABILITY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509832581Keywords:
water stress, leaf morphology, mineral nutrition, CO2 assimilation.Abstract
The reduction in water availability effects plant physiology and morphology and accounts for changes in metabolism with implications for the development of tree species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of water stress on morphophysiological leaf characteristics and nutritional status of adult plant of gonçalo-alves (Astronium fraxinifolium), guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess.), ipê-amarelo (Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl.), ipê-rosa (Handroanthus impetiginosa (Mart.) Matos.), marupá (Simarouba amara Aubl.) and mogno (Swietenia macrophylla King.) cultivated under rainfed and irrigated conditions, in the irrigation perimeter of Baixo Acaraú, Ceará. The experimental design was a repeated measures, a scheme of sub-divided plots (6 x 2 x 2), the main plot consists of six species, the sub-plot of two water availability (irrigated and rainfed) and the sub-subplots were the evaluation time. The following evaluations were performedduring the dry and rainy seasons: foliar concentrations of N, P, K and Na, specific leaf area (AFE), leaf succulence (GS), and relative index of chlorophyll (IRC). The results showed that ipê-amarelo was the most sensitive species in terms of variation of N, P and K concentrations in leaves in response to soil water availability. Regarding AFE, ipê-amarelo, ipê-rosa and mogno were more sensitive to extreme water deficit conditions. The water restriction in the soil causes the decrease of the leaf succulence in the gonçalo alves and mogno. The chlorophyll is directly affected by drought and is related to the higher GS and the lower AFE. As for A/N and A/P, gonçalo-alves was more efficient species, not affected by soil water availability conditions.
Downloads
References
BATTIE‐LACLAU, P. et al. Effects of potassium and sodium supply on drought‐adaptive mechanisms in Eucalyptus grandis plantations. New Phytologist, Cambridge, v. 203, n. 2, p. 401-413, jul. 2014.
BATTIE-LACLAU, P. et al. Influence of potassium and sodium nutrition on leaf area components in Eucalyptus grandis trees. Plant and soil, The Hague, v. 371, n. 1-2, p. 19-35, out. 2013.
BENINCASA, M. M. P. Análise de crescimento de plantas (noções básicas). 2. ed. Jaboticabal: FUNEP, 2003. 41 p.
BRASIL. Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas. Grupos de Coordenação Executiva das Operações Agrícolas (GOA). Situação em 30/04/1991. Fortaleza: DNOCS, 1991.
BRASIL. Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas. Perímetro irrigado baixo-acaraú. Fortaleza: DNOCS, 2012.
BRIENEN, R. J. W.; WANEK, W.; HIETZ, P. Stable carbon isotopes in tree rings indicate improved water use efficiency and drought responses of a tropical dry forest tree species. Trees: Structure and Function, Berlin, v. 25, p. 103-113, fev. 2011.
CABRAL, E. L.; BARBOSA, D. C. A.; SIMABUKURO, E. A. Crescimento de plantas jovens de Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Beth. & Hook. f. ex S. Moore submetidas a estresse hídrico. Acta Botânica Brasileira, Manaus, v. 18, n. 2, p. 241-251, abr. 2004.
CAMPELO, D. H. et al. Trocas gasosas e eficiência do fotossistema II em plantas adultas de seis espécies florestais em função do suprimento de água no solo. Revista Árvore, Viçosa, MG, v. 39, n. 5, p. 973-983, set. 2015.
CARVALHO, A. P. F. et al. Variações sazonais nas concentrações de pigmentos e nutrientes em folhas de espécies do cerrado com diferentes estratégias fenológicas. Revista Brasileira de Botânica, São Paulo, v. 30, n. 1, p. 19-27, jan. 2007.
CHRISTINA, M. et al. Measured and modeled interactive effects of potassium deficiency and water deficit on gross primary productivity and light‐use efficiency in Eucalyptus grandis plantations. Global Change Biology, Oxford, v. 21, n. 5, p. 2022-2039, maio 2015.
DAMATTA, F. M. et al. Effects of soil water deficit and nitrogen nutrition on water relations and photosynthesis of pot-grown Coffea canephora Pierre. Trees, Berlin, v. 16, n. 8, p. 555-558, nov. 2002. Disponível em: <http://www.dnocs.gov.br/~dnocs/doc/canais/perimetros_irrigados/ce/baixo_acarau.html>. Acesso em: 8 abr. 2013.
DONAGEMA, G. K. et al. Manual de métodos de análise de solos. 2. ed. rev. Rio de Janeiro: Embrapa Solos, 2011. 230 p.
EMBRAPA. Centro Nacional de Pesquisas de Solos. Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de solos. 3. ed. Brasília: Embrapa Produção de Informação, Rio de Janeiro, 2013. 353 p.
EMBRAPA. Manual de análises químicas de solos, plantas e fertilizantes. 2. ed. rev. e ampl. Brasília: Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, 2009. 627 p.
EPRON, D. et al. Do changes in carbon allocation account for the growth response to potassium and sodium applications in tropical Eucalyptus plantations? Tree physiology, Oxford, v. 32, n. 6, p. 667-679, out. 2012.
FERREIRA, D. F. SISVAR: um programa para análises e ensino de estatística. Revista Symposium, Lavras, v. 6, p. 36-41, jul. 2008.
FREITAS, P. C. et al. Effect of water availability and application of potassium and sodium in the juvenile wood anatomical characteristics of Eucalyptus grandis. Revista Árvore, Viçosa, MG, v. 39, n. 2, p. 405-416, mar. 2015.
GONÇALVES, J. L. M. et al. Integrating genetic and silvicultural strategies to minimize abiotic and biotic constraints in Brazilian eucalypt plantations. Forest ecology and management, Amsterdam, v. 301, p. 6-27, ago. 2013.
HIDAKA, A.; KITAYAMA, K. Divergent patterns of photosynthetic phosphorus‐use efficiency versus nitrogen‐use efficiency of tree leaves along nutrient‐availability gradients. Journal of Ecology, Oxford, v. 97, n. 5, p. 984-991, set. 2009.
HIDAKA, A.; KITAYAMA, K. Relationship between photosynthetic phosphorus‐use efficiency and foliar phosphorus fractions in tropical tree species. Ecology and evolution, [s. l.], v. 3, n. 15, p. 4872-4880, dez. 2013.
HIKOSAKA, K. Interspecific difference in the photosynthesis–nitrogen relationship: patterns, physiological causes, and ecological importance. Journal of plant research, Tokyo, v. 117, n. 6, p. 481-494, dez. 2004.
INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE. IPCC 2014: climate change 2014: synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva: IPCC, 2014. 151 p.
KHALEGHI, E. et al. Evaluation of chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and relationships between chlorophyll a, b and chlorophyll content index under water stress in Olea europaea cv. Dezful. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, [s. l.], v. 68, p. 1154-1157, ago. 2012.
KREUZWIESER, J.; GESSLER, A. Global climate change and tree nutrition: influence of water availability. Tree Physiology, Oxford, v. 30, n. 9, p. 1221-1234, set. 2010.
LACERDA, C. F. et al. Evapotranspiration as a criterion to estimate nitrogen requirement of maize under salt stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, [s. l.], v. 202, n. 3, p. 192–202, 2016.
LARCHER, W. Ecofisiologia vegetal. São Carlos: RIMA, 2006. 531 p.
MAATHUIS, F. J. Physiological functions of mineral macronutrients. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, [s. l.], v. 12, n. 3, p. 250-258, jun. 2009.
MANTOVANI, A. A method to improve leaf succulence quantification. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, Curitiba, v. 42, n. 1, p. 1-6, 1999.
MARENCO, R. A.; ANTEZANA-VERA, S. A.; NASCIMENTO, H. C. S. Relationship between specific leaf area, leaf thickness, leaf water content and SPAD-502 readings in six Amazonian tree species. Photosynthetica, Prague, v. 47, n. 2, p. 184-190, jun. 2009.
MENDES, M. M. S. et al. Ecophysiology of deciduous plants grown at different densities in the semiarid region of Brazil. Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology, Campo dos Goytacazes, v. 25, n. 2, p. 97-108, ago. 2013.
MENDES, K. R.; MARENCO, R. A.; MAGALHÃES, N. S. Crescimento e eficiência fotossintética de uso do nitrogênio e fósforo em espécies florestais da Amazônia na fase juvenil. Revista Árvore, Viçosa, MG, v. 37, n. 4, p. 707-716, jul. 2013.
NASCIMENTO, H. H. C. et al. Análise do crescimento de mudas de jatobá (hymenaea courbaril l.) em diferentes níveis de água no solo. Revista Árvore, Viçosa, MG, v. 35, n. 3, p. 617-626, maio 2011.
ONODA, Y.; HIKOSAKA, K.; HIROSE, T. Allocation of nitrogen to cell walls decreases photosynthetic nitrogen‐use efficiency. Functional Ecology, Oxford, v. 18, n. 3, p. 419-425, jun. 2004.
POORTER, H.; EVANS, J. R. Photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency of species that differ inherently in specific leaf area. Oecologia, Berlin, v. 116, n. 1, p. 26-37, ago. 1998.
SARDANS, J.; PEÑUELAS, J. Tree growth changes with climate and forest type are associated with relative allocation of nutrients, especially phosphorus, to leaves and wood. Global Ecology and Biogeography, Oxford, v. 22, n. 4, p. 494-507, abr. 2013.
SCALON, S. P. Q. et al. Estresse hídrico no metabolismo e crescimento inicial de mudas de Mutambo (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.). Ciência Florestal, Santa Maria, v. 21, n. 4, p. 655-662, out. 2011.
SMIRNOFF, N. The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and desiccation. New Phytologist, Cambridge, v. 125, n. 1, p. 27-58, set. 1993.
TAIZ, L.; ZEIGER, E. Fisiologia vegetal. 5. ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2013. 918 p.
VALADARES, S. V. et al. Plasticidade fenotípica e frações fosfatadas em espécies florestais como resposta à aplicação de fósforo. Revista Árvore, Viçosa, MG, v. 39, n. 2, p. 225-232, mar. 2015.
VENDRAMINI, F. et al. Leaf traits as indicators of resource‐use strategy in floras with succulent species. New Phytologist, Cambridge, v. 154, n. 1, p. 147-157, abr. 2002.
VILLAR-SALVADOR, P.; PEÑUELAS, J. L.; JACOBS, D. F. Nitrogen nutrition and drought hardening exert opposite effects on the stress tolerance of Pinus pinea L. seedlings. Tree physiology, Oxford, v. 33, n. 2, p. 221-232, fev. 2013.
