MODELOS MATEMÁTICOS DE PREVISÃO DO TEOR DE UMIDADE DOS MATERIAIS COMBUSTÍVEIS FLORESTAIS FINOS E MORTOS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509831622Palavras-chave:
incêndios florestais, risco de incêndio, troca de vapor.Resumo
O presente artigo busca descrever, por meio de uma revisão da literatura, os principais modelos matemáticos existentes para estimar o teor de umidade dos materiais combustíveis florestais finos e mortos, ou seja, os materiais da classe de 1-h de timelag, com base em variáveis meteorológicas. A determinação desses valores compreende uma importante informação para o delineamento de ações de prevenção e combate a incêndios florestais, e de realização de queimadas controladas, já que respondem pela probabilidade de ignição e comportamento do fogo. Com base na análise realizada, percebe-se que o Fine Fuel Moisture Code (FFMC), um dos componentes do Fire Weather Index (FWI) canadense, constitui o modelo de previsão do teor de umidade mais utilizado no mundo. Porém, considerando-se que trabalhos na literatura relatam limitações e imprecisão tanto no FFMC quanto nos demais modelos analisados nesse artigo, é essencial a validação dos mesmos antes de serem utilizados de forma operacional. Em função da pequena quantidade de estudos envolvendo essa temática no Brasil, recomenda-se a validação ou desenvolvimento de novos modelos, a fim de se aprimorar os programas de prevenção e de delineamento de risco de incêndios florestais em nível nacional.
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