<i>Eucalyptus</i> sp. seedling response to potassium fertilization and soil water.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5902/19805098510Palavras-chave:
, potassium nutrition, eucalypt, water deficit, water relations.Resumo
A considerable portion of Brazil‘s commercial eucalypt plantations is located in areas subjected to periods of water deficit and grown in soils with low natural fertility, particularly poor in potassium. Potassium is influential in controlling water relations of plants. The objective of this study was to verify the influence of potassium fertilization and soil water potential (Ψw) on the dry matter production and on water relations of eucalypt seedlings grown under greenhouse conditions. The experimental units were arranged in 4x4x2 randomized blocks factorial design, as follow: four species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla), four dosages of K (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg dm-3) and two soil water potentials (-0.01MPa and -0.1 MPa). Plastic containers with 15 cm diameter and 18 cm height, with Styrofoam base, containing 3.0 dm3 of soil and two plants per container were used. Soil water potential was kept at -0.01MPa for 40 days after seeding. Afterward, the experimental units were divided into two groups: in one group the potential was kept at -0.01MPa, and in the other one, at -0.10 MPa. Soil water potential was controlled gravimetrically twice a day with water replacement until the desired potential was reestablished. A week before harvesting, the leaf water potential (Ψ), the photosynthetic rate (A), the stomatal conductance (gs) and the transpiration rate were evaluated. The last week before harvesting, the mass of the containers was recorded daily before watering to determine the consumption of water by the plants. After harvesting, total dry matter and leaf area were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, to Tukey's tests and regression analyses. The application of K influenced A, gs and the transpiration rate. Plants deficient in K showed lower A and higher gs and transpiration rates. There were no statistical differences in A, gs and transpiration rates in plants with and without water deficit. The addition of K reduced the consumption of water per unit of leaf area and, in general, plants submitted to water deficit presented a lower consumption of water.
Downloads
Referências
ATTIWIL, P.M.; CLAYTON-GREENE, K.A. Studies of gas exchange development in a sub humid woodland. Journal of Ecology, London, v.72, p.285-294, 1984.
BARROS, N.F.; NOVAIS, R.F.; NEVES, J.C.L. Fertilização e correção do solo para o plantio de eucalipto. In: BARROS, N.F.; NOVAIS, R.F. (Eds.). Relação solo-eucalipto. Viçosa : Folha de Viçosa, 1990. p.127-186.
BEGG, J.E.; TURNER, N.C. Water potential gradients in field tobacco. Plant Physiology, Rockville, v. 46, p.343-346, 1970.
BUCKLEY, T.N. The control of stomata by water balance. New Phytologist, Lancaster, v.168, p.275–292, 2005.
CEULEMANS, R.J.; SAUGIER, B. Photosynthesis. In: RAGHAVENDRA, A.S. Physiology of trees. New York : John Wiley & Sons, 1991. p.21-50.
CHAVES, M. M.; PEREIRA, J. S.; MAROCO, J.; RODRIGUES, M.L.; RICARDO, C.P.P.; OSORIO, M.L.; CARVALHO, I.; FARIA, T.; PINHEIRO, C. How plants cope with water stress in the field? Photosynthesis and growth. Annals of Botany. Oxford, v.89, n.7, p.907-916, 2002.
CICOLIM, R.A.; TEIXEIRA, P.C.; GONÇALVES, J.L.M. Crescimento e nutrição de mudas de cinco espécies de eucalipto em função da adubação potássica. In: FERTBIO, 2002, Rio de Janeiro. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: UFRRJ, 2002. (CD-ROM)
CLAYTON-GREENE, K.A.The tissue water relations of Callitris colemellaris, Eucalyptus melliodora and E. microcarpa investigated using the pressure-volume technique. Oecologia, Berlin, v.57, p.368-373, 1983.
DODD, I.C. Hormonal interactions and stomatal responses. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, New York, v.22, p.32–46, 2003.
EAGLESON, P.S. Ecological optimality in water-limited natural soil-systems. 1. Theory and hypothesis. Water Resources Reasearch, Cambridge,v.18, p.325-340, 1982.
EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Solos. Manual de métodos de análise de solo. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro: 1997. 212p.
HATTON, T.; REECE, P.; TAYLOR, P.; McEWAN, K. Does leaf water efficiency vary among eucalypts in water-limited environments?. Tree Physiology, Victoria, v.18, p.529-536, 1998.
HATTON, T.; HU, H.I. Scaling theory to extrapolate individual tree water use to stand water use. Hydrological Processes, Bethesda, v.9, p.527-540, 1995
JAMES, S.A.; Bell, D.T. Leaf morphological and anatomical characteristics of heteroblastic Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany, Collingwood, v. 49, n.2, p.259-269, 2001.
JARVIS, P.J.; McNAUGHTON, K.G. Stomatal control of transpiration: scaling up from leaf to region. Advances in Ecological Resources, London, v.15, p.1-49, 1986.
LAMBERS, H.; CHAPIN, F.S.; PONS, T.L. Plant physiological ecology. New York : Springer, 1998. 540p.
LARCHER, W. (Ed) Physiological plant ecology. Berlin : Springer, 1995. 448p.
LI, C.; BERNINGER, F.; SONNINEN, E. Drought responses of Eucalyptus microtheca provenances depend on seasonality of rainfall in their place of origin. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, Collingwood, v. 27, n. 3, p. 231-238, 2000.
MALAVOLTA, E.; VITTI, G.C.; OLIVEIRA, S.A. Avaliação do estado nutricional das plantas: princípios e aplicações. Piracicaba : Potafós, 1997. 319p.
MARSCHNER, H. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. London : Academic Press, 1995. 889p.
McNAUGHTON, K.G.; JARVIS, P.J. Predicting effects of vegetation changes on transpiration and evaporation. In: KOSLOWSKY, T.T. (Eds.). Water deficits and plant growth. New York : Academic Press, 1983. p.1-47.
MEINZER, F.C. Stomatal control of transpiration. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, London, v.8, p.289-294, 1993.
MEINZER, F.C.; GOLDSTEIN, G.; JAIMES, M. The Effect of atmospheric humidity on stomatal control of gas exchange in two tropical coniferous species. Canadian Journal of Botany, Ottawa, v.62, p.591-595, 1984.
MILLER, H.G. The influence of stand development on nutrient demand, growth and allocation. Plant and Soil, Dordrecht, v.168/169, p. 225-232, 1995.
MYERS, B.A.; NEALES, T.F. Osmotic adjustment induced by drought in seedlings of three Eucalyptus species. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, Collingwood, v.13, p.597-603, 1986.
NAUTIYAL, S.; BADOLA, H.K.; PAL, M.; NEGI, D.S. Plant response to water stress: changes in growth, dry matter production, stomatal frequency and leaf anatomy. Biologia Plantarum, Dordrecht, v.36, p.91-97, 1994.
NOBEL, P.S. Physicochemical and environmental plant physiology. San Diego : Academic Press, 1991. 635p.
REIS, G.G.; HALL, A.E. Relações hídricas e atividade do sistema radicular em Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. em condições de campo. Revista Árvore, Viçosa, v. 11, n. 1, p. 43-55, 1987.
REIS, G.G.; REIS, M.G.F.; FONTAN, I.C.I.; MONTE, M.A.; GOMES, A.N.; OLIVEIRA, C.H.R. Crescimento de raízes e da parte aérea de clones de híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla e de Eucalyptus camaldulensis x Eucalyptus spp submetidos a dois regimes de irrigação no campo. Revista Árvore, Viçosa, v.30, n.6, p.921-931, 2006.
ROELFSEMA, M.R.G.; HEDRICH, R. In the light of the stomatal opening: new insights into `the Watergate`. New Phytologist, Lancaster, v.167, p.665-691, 2005.
SCHOLANDER, P.F.; HAMMEL, H.T.; BRADSTREET, E.D.; HEMMINGSEN, E.A. Sap pressure in vascular plants. Science, Washington, v.148, p.339-346, 1965.
SCHURR, U.; WALTER, A.; RASCHER, U. Functional dynamics of plant growth and photosynthesis - from steady-state to dynamics – from homogeneity to heterogeneity. Plant, Cell & Environment, v.29, n.3, p.340-352, 2006.
SOBRADO, M.A. Aspects of tissue water relations and seasonal changes in leaf water potential components of evergreen and deciduous species coexisting in tropical dry forests. Oecologia, Berlin, v.68, p.413-416, 1986.
STONEMAN, G.L.; TURNER, N.C.; DELL, B. Leaf growth, photosynthesis and tissue water relations of greenhouse-growth Eucalyptus marginata seedlings in response to water deficits. Tree Physiology, Victoria, v.14, p.633-646, 1994.
TAIZ, L.; ZEIGER, E. Fisiologia vegetal. 3.ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2004. 719p.
TEIXEIRA, P.C.; LEAL, P.G.L.; BARROS, N.F.; NOVAIS, R.F. Nutrición potásica y relaciones hídricas en plantas de Eucalyptus spp. Bosque, Valdivia, v.16, p.61-68, 1995.
TESKEY, R.O.; WHITEHEAD, D.; LINDER, S. Photosynthesis and carbon gain by pines. The Ecological Bulletim, Minsk, v.43, p.35-39, 1994.
TURNER, N.C. Measurement of plant water status by the pressure chamber technique. Irrigation Science, Berlin, v.9, p.289-308, 1988.
WHITE, D.A.; BEADLE, C.L.; WORLEDGE, D. Leaf water relations of Eucalyptus globulus spp. and E. nitens: seasonal, drought and species effects. Tree Physiology, Victoria, v.16, p.469-476, 1996.
WHITE, D.A.; TURNER, N.C.; GALBRAITH, J.H. Leaf water relations and stomatal behavior of four allopatric Eucalyptus species planted in Mediterranean southwestern Australia. Tree Physiology, Victoria, v.20, p.1157-1165, 2000.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
A CIÊNCIA FLORESTAL se reserva o direito de efetuar, nos originais, alterações de ordem normativa, ortográfica e gramatical, com vistas a manter o padrão culto da lingua, respeitando, porém, o estilo dos autores.
As provas finais poderão ou não ser enviadas ao autor.
Os trabalhos publicados passam a ser propriedade da revista CIÊNCIA FLORESTAL, sendo permitida a reprodução parcial ou total dos trabalhos, desde que a fonte seja citada. Os originais não serão devolvidos aos autores.
As opiniões emitidas pelos autores dos trabalhos são de sua exclusiva responsabilidade.
